What aspect should be analyzed in a research article’s methodology for critical appraisal?

Analyzing the sample size and selection process in a research article's methodology is fundamental for critical appraisal because these factors directly influence the validity and reliability of the study's findings. The sample size must be adequate to ensure that the results are statistically significant and can be generalized to a larger population. A well-defined selection process is also crucial as it determines the representativeness of the sample, minimizing selection bias which can skew results. These elements are pivotal in evaluating the robustness of the research and the strength of its conclusions.

While other aspects such as clarity of writing, author affiliations, and publication year may provide context or insights into the study, they do not have the same direct impact on the integrity and applicability of the methodological approach. Focusing on sample size and selection processes ensures a critical understanding of how well the research was designed to answer its research questions.