What type of bias manifests when one emphasizes evidence that supports their preconceptions?

Confirmation bias occurs when individuals prioritize or give more weight to information that supports their existing beliefs, while simultaneously minimizing or disregarding evidence contrary to those beliefs. This cognitive tendency can significantly impact decision-making and critical thinking processes, as it leads to a skewed interpretation of information.

In practice, confirmation bias can result in a lack of objectivity, as individuals might only seek out information that aligns with their views or misinterpret data to fit their preconceptions. This is particularly important in evidence-based integrated practice, where practitioners must objectively evaluate all available evidence to make informed decisions about patient care. Recognizing confirmation bias is crucial for ensuring that practice is grounded in a comprehensive understanding of all relevant data rather than a narrow perspective based on personal beliefs.

The other types of bias listed, such as statistical bias, emotional bias, and cognitive dissonance, do not specifically capture the phenomenon of emphasizing supportive evidence while dismissing opposing views. Statistical bias refers to errors in the collection or interpretation of data, emotional bias involves judgment influenced by personal feelings, and cognitive dissonance reflects the discomfort experienced when holding conflicting ideas.